Raphael Lempkin -

1.) What limits would you set on a nation's sovereignty? When should the international community impose laws on other countries?
It shouldn't go to a level of killing or even torturing. International community should impose laws on other countries when several countries agree if the country they are judging is getting out of hand.

2.) What can be done to stop nations that turn against their own people?

The leaders should at least consider what the citizens say so people actually support them and not hate the,

3.) How could Lemkin turn his moral outrage into action? What could he do?

He can perhaps ask  many places and gather a lot of people who agree with him and then re-talk about the case.

4.) Without a court to judge the perpetrators, what options did the Armenians have after the genocide?

Disapponted and hopeless because they the world is fine with mass killers living normally in life.

NY Times & Armenian Genocide - Guided Reading Quesitons

1. What do you think is meant by the phrases: "Newspaper of Record" and "All the News That's Fit to Print?"

The New York Times is known as the "Newspaper of Record" because it has been publishing many stories since it was created in 1851. The New York Times began to use their famous logo in 1896, "All the News That's Fit to Print," because  The Times was covering the events in the Ottoman Empire on a regular basis.

2. What could have been the benefits of New York Times covering the Armenian Genocide and the earlier massacres for the Armenians?

The New York Times became one of the single best sources for reliable news.

3. Who invented the term "genocide?" Why is creating a word to describe such events important?

Raphael Lempkin made the term "genocide."I think it is important to create a word to describe such events because if there isn't a specific word, there will be several other names, which may cause readers to not recognize the event if it was named in too many different words.

4. Why would The New York Times shy away from the use of the term "genocide" when discussing the Armenian Case?

Because if the United States government affirms the Armenian Genocide, the Turkish government will not guarantee the future of U.S. military bases in Turkey, the safety of U.S. citizens in Turkey, and the future military contracts with the U.S. cannot be guaranteed.

5.  At the end of the reading Keller, the executive editor of The New York Times, said he was not qualified to make the determination of whether or not the Armenian Case was genocide. What type of people could Keller turn to help determine this? Why?

Any historically based article on the events of 1915 must use the term "genocide," so that any appearance of denial of the Armenian Genocide will not occur. He can perhaps confer with the leader in Turkey and the head of The New York Times to avoid any unsure choices.

iWitness Photo Activity -

Sam Kadorian, born 1907, had genocidal experience when he was 8 years old. His story starts in the middle of the action, when he was grabbed by Turkish gendarmes as well as all the boys from 5 to 10 years old. He was thrown in to a pile on the sandy beach and witnessed the gendarmes jabbing the children with their swords and and bayonets. Luckily, he was in the center because only sword got to him. He resisted crying because if he did, the gendarmes would know he was still alive. Later on, his grandmother came to the shores of the Euphrates River to comfort Kadorian. Some of the other parents came looking for their children, only to find dead bodies. Some of them dug shallow graves in the sandy river bank with their bare hands to bury their children in them. Others were pushed into the Euphrates river.

Based on his story, readers can tell that it was nerve-wracking for him when he got thrown in a pile of boys his age, then being stabbed by gendarmes, not knowing that he would have any chance of escaping or surviving. He also must have been uncomfortable when they took the children to several places, then a couple more days of walking to reach the Euphrates River. Some questions Kadorian might still have in his mind might be why some people made graves and others pushed them in the river. Also, he might be wondering how the parents felt when they saw their child dead, when "Their little bodies floated away."

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Edward Bedikian, born 1902, had genocidal experience in Sepasdia, or Sivas, in the basement of the school where he was thrown in. There was a girl that he had befriended on the road named Satenig. She gave him a bit of money and told him to don't let "them" take her. They would come around everyday and take whoever was dead or very weak. Satenig was not in good shape, and very week. He tried to protect her, but they saw her and took her. Based on his story, readers can tell the sorrow he felt when he repeats "Took her...", which also tells the reader that he is still shocked. The story he is telling us is choppy and unorganized, which informs the reader that he had not enough education in grammar, or that he is still in shock and that he can't fit the pieces of memory in the right way. Some question still in his mind might be "Why couldn't I protect her?" and "Why did they take her?" He must have felt , or still feel guilty that he couldn't do his job to protect her.